N.A.S.A’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission slammed into a small space rock last year, and the effects were visible from Earth orbit.
The famed Hubble Space Telescope tracked dramatic hour-by-hour changes in deep space caused by a N.A.S.A probe’s deliberate asteroid crash.
N.A.S.A’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART(opens in new tab)) mission slammed into a small space rock called Dimorphos in late September 2022, aiming to test-drive a technique for deflecting an asteroid(opens in new tab) on a collision course with Earth(opens in new tab). (There are no imminent asteroid threats to our planets, but practice makes perfect.)
Fresh imagery from the Hubble Space Telescope(opens in new tab) released today (March 1) shows dust and debris flying at high speed away from Dimorphos and its larger asteroid companion, Didymos, after DART’s impact. The collision is believed to have thrown about 1,000 tons of ancient asteroid material into space.
“It’s extremely unexpected because we have never before seen a collision between a spacecraft and an asteroid in a binary asteroid system in real time. It’s great, in my opinion. There is far too much going on. It will take some time to determine, “The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which manages Hubble’s scientific program, quoted Jian-Yang Li of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, in a statement(opens in new tab).
The fresh imagery was accompanied by a study(opens in new tab), led by Li in collaboration with 63 other DART team members, on Wednesday (March 1) in the journal Nature(opens in new tab). The paper is one of five published in Nature Wednesday, which together give a detailed overview of the DART impact and its aftermath(opens in new tab).
Information based on Hubble’s work indicates at least three stages of Dimorphos debris evolution. First an ejecta cone was formed, then the debris furled into the asteroid’s orbit, and finally the tail moved behind the asteroid due to the pressure of the solar wind(opens in new tab), the stream of charged particles flowing constantly from our sun.
The newly released Hubble movie begins with footage from roughly 1.3 hours after impact, showing Dimorphos and Didymos at such a distance that the two space rocks cannot be resolved individually. Roughly 2 hours after the event, you can see debris moving at speeds exceeding 4 mph (6.4 kph) an hour, fast enough to overcome the gravitational pull of the asteroid system.
The cone shape began forming about 17 hours after impact. “The most prominent structures are rotating, pinwheel-shaped features. The pinwheel is tied to the gravitational pull of the companion asteroid, Didymos,” STScI officials wrote in the statement.
Then the last stage shows debris sweeping behind the asteroid, “where the lightest particles travel the fastest and farthest from the asteroid,” STScI officials added. But the processes have yet to be understood, as Hubble saw the tail splitting into two streams for a few days and the mechanism by which that happened is not clear.
Numerous instruments on Earth and in space imaged the DART impact, and more results will come from these various investigations as the data is parsed, understood and processed.
Elizabeth Howell is the co-author of “Why Am I Taller(opens in new tab)?” (ECW Press, 2022; with Canadian astronaut Dave Williams), a book about space medicine. Follow her on Twitter @howellspace(opens in new tab).
Originally posted on Space.com.
